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Modern Research About Acupuncture

 

 Acupuncture has been in use for more than 5,000 years, and today receives wide acceptance in the field of medicine. Modern science began unlocking the mysteries of this ancient practice thanks to studies by leading doctors and scientists around the world.

A 2013 study conducted by the Clinical Journal of Pain showed that low back pain, a very common musculoskeletal issue, can be relieved by acupuncture without adverse side effects.(1)

In research published by Spine Journal, acupuncture was shown to significantly relieve chronic pain in the lower back. Out of the 32 different studies that were compared, 25 provided relevant data for this conclusion. Throughout the study, acupuncture treatments were compared with placebo treatments in order to determine the results.(2)

Acupuncture is effective in pain management and has proven helpful when treating a variety of endocrine, circulatory and systemic conditions.

The BMJ, in 2013, reported that acupuncture and moxibustion can improve the success of in-vitro fertilization and the number of viable pregnancies wherein embryo implantation had failed. There were no adverse side effects or contraindications from the acupuncture or moxibustion treatment.(3)

A 2016 Italian study of 190 breast cancer patients demonstrated that acupuncture can remove the need for additional drugs and effectively improve the quality of life for women who have breast cancer. Acupuncture was also shown to manage hot flashes the women had due to cancer. (4)

A 2016 study published by The Cochrane Review deduced that acupuncture treatments not only relieve the pain that comes with headaches but can control or prevent migraines before they happen. Out of the 22 trials, significant evidence showed that along with prophylactic drugs, acupuncture is greatly recommended for migraine treatment and prevention.(5)

Acupuncture works as an effective and alternative or supplemental treatment. It is safe, effective and a natural way to regain and maintain well-being and good health.

 CURRENT RESEARCH UTILIZING ACUPUNCTURE

 

 In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) & Acupuncture

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine published a 2016 research study which indicated that fertility awareness increased in women who had a multiple phase fertility plan for acupuncture. The study also found that women who received this type of acupuncture plan experienced an improved overall sense of well-being.(6)

 Insomnia & Acupuncture

Acupuncture has been shown to improve sleep success and effectively address sleep disorders in patients who received treatments compared to those who did not receive acupuncture treatments. Clinical research from Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou indicated that there are long-term improvements in sleep due to acupuncture treatments.(7)

Fibromyalgia & Acupuncture

Acupuncture can successfully treat individuals with fibromyalgia. In 2016, The BMJ published a study regarding the effectiveness of acupuncture on fibromyalgia patients, which found acupuncture to be successful in the realm of managing the pain that was a result of having fibromyalgia. In order to get the results, a real acupuncture treatment was compared with a placebo application. The study strongly recommended acupuncture to those with fibromyalgia in order to help manage their pain.(8)

Women’s Reproductive Health & Acupuncture

Acupuncture treatments may help women who are trying to conceive, according to a recent review of more than 300 papers on acupuncture. It found evidence of virtue for reproductive functions of women and supported acupuncture in helping balance irregular menstruation, menstrual pain, ovulatory dysfunction and infertility.(9)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome & Acupuncture

According to a study published by the BMJ, acupuncture produces positive results for those with irritable bowel syndrome. Participants in the study received different intervals of acupuncture treatments. Patients were selected to receive random amounts of acupuncture up to as much as 10 weekly sessions.(10)

Depression & Acupuncture

The Journal of Affective Disorders published a study on the effects of laser acupuncture. The study planned to determine if laser acupuncture had positive effects on those experiencing depression, and the results were very promising. A total of twelve laser acupuncture sessions were conducted, and the results showed that the participants had reduced symptoms of depression after getting laser acupuncture.(11)

Hypertension & Acupuncture

Acupuncture lowers blood pressure in patients who are taking medication for hypertension or high blood pressure, according to a recent meta-analysis published in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The trials studied 386 patients with hypertension and found that systolic and diastolic blood pressure lowered after weekly acupuncture treatment of six to ten weeks.(13)

Pain Relief for Cancer Patients & Acupuncture

Findings published in Integrative Cancer Therapies established that 90 percent of participants at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas reported significantly decreased pain after 10 acupuncture treatments. 42 out of the 52 participants who had pain related to cancer evaluated the study as “very useful.”(14)

Migraines & Acupuncture

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine stated that traditional Chinese acupuncture, as well as Yamamoto new scalp acupuncture, significantly reduced migraine frequency and severity in patients. Their study examined 80 patients who suffered from migraine headaches. It determined that participants’ ability to do daily activities improved after acupuncture treatment.(15)

Asthma & Acupuncture

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, in a 2017 study, showed acupuncture’s effectiveness when treating asthma. Acupuncture was used in tandem with normal asthmatic treatments to examine if there were increased relief effects. There was improved quality of life shown in patients who had both forms of treatment in conjunction.(17)

Wrist/Ankle Pain & Acupuncture

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine published meta-analysis showing that acupuncture treatment was more effective in lessening wrist and ankle pain than Western medicine. The analysis looked at 723 participants of wrist-ankle acupuncture across seven studies. The authors stated that wrist-ankle acupuncture is a safe therapy that helped relieve pain.(18)

Osteoarthritis (OA) & Acupuncture

A recent review of 1,763 participants found that acupuncture treatment significantly lessened pain in patients when compared to patients who didn’t receive the treatment. Patients with osteoarthritis who received treatment reported increased mobility and a better quality of life. The trials determined that longer treatment periods yielded greater reductions in pain.(19)

Allergic Rhinitis & Acupuncture

In a 2016 study from the Mucosal Immunology Research Group, acupuncture benefited those suffering from allergies. The study concluded that acupuncture effectively reduced sneezing, nasal itching, and itchy eyes which came as a result of allergies.(20)

Leading national and international health organizations recognize acupuncture to be successful in treating a variety of medical problems. 
 
  • Adverse reactions to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

  • Abdominal pain 

  • Allergic rhinitis

  • Bell’s palsy

  • Cancer pain

  • Chronic gastritis

  • Morning sickness

  • Diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent

  • Dysmenorrhoea

  • Earache

  • Epistaxis

  • Facial pain

  • Facial spasm

  • Female infertility

  • Fibromyalgia and fasciitis

  • Headache

  • Hepatitis B virus carrier status

  • Herpes zoster

  • Hypertension

  • Induction of labor

  • Insomnia

  • Knee pain

  • Leukopenia

  • Low back pain

  • Male sexual dysfunction, non-organic

  • Malposition of fetus

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Neck pain

  • Obesity

  • Osteoarthritis

  • Pain in dentistry

  • Peptic ulcer

  • Periarthritis of shoulder

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome

  • Postoperative pain

  • Premenstrual syndrome

  • Prostatitis

  • Raynaud syndrome

  • Renal colic

  • Retention of urine, traumatic

  • Rheumatoid arthritis

  • Schizophrenia

  • Sciatica

  • Sore throat (including tonsillitis)

  • Spine pain, acute

  • Sprain

  • Stiff neck

  • Stroke

  • TMJ dysfunction

  • Tennis elbow

  • Tobacco dependence

  • Ulcerative colitis, chronic

  • Whooping cough (pertussis)

 

 Current theories on the process of acupuncture

 

1) Neurotransmitter Theory

Acupuncture reaches higher brain areas, increasing the release of beta-endorphins and enkephalins in the brain as well as in the spinal cord. The release of neurotransmitters stimulates the immune and antinociceptive systems.(21, 22, 23) 

2) Blood Chemistry Theory

The blood concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids are affected by acupuncture, suggesting treatment can regulate the body toward homeostasis by both raising and diminishing peripheral blood components.(23)

3) Autonomic Nervous System Theory

Acupuncture encourages the release of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and a number of opioid types, affecting changes in their turnover rate, reducing pain and normalizing the autonomic nervous system.(24, 25)

4) Vascular-interstitial Theory

The electrical system of the body responds to acupuncture by creating and enhancing circular transport in tissues. This energizes the body’s healing powers, allowing the transfer of matter and energy between normal and damaged tissues.(25)

5) Gate Control Theory

Acupuncture stimulates non-nociceptive receptors that limit the transmission of nociceptive signals in the dorsal horn, which prevents painful stimuli from being present.(26)

 

Resources:

  1. “Acupuncture for Acute Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review,” The Clinical Journal of Pain, published February, 2013.

  2. “Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,”  Spine Journal,, 2013; Vol 38 (24).

  3. “Influence of acupuncture on the outcomes of in vitro fertilisation when embryo implantation has failed: a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial,” British Medical Journal, published March 19. 2013.

  4. “Acupuncture As an Integrative Approach for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Women With Breast Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (AcCliMaT),” Journal of Clinical Oncology, published March 28, 2016.

  5. “Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine,” The Cochrane Review, published June 28, 2016.

  6. Suzanne Cochrane, Caroline A. Smith, Alphia Possamai-Inesedy, and Alan Bensoussan, “Prior to Conception: The Role of an Acupuncture Protocol in Improving Women’s Reproductive Functioning Assessed by a Pilot Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2016, Article ID 3587569, 11 pages, 2016. doi:10.1155/2016/3587569

  7. Source: Copyright © 2014 World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion House. Published by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Vas J, Santos-Rey K, Navarro-Pablo R, et al Acupuncture for fibromyalgia in primary care: a randomised controlled trial Acupuncture in Medicine Published Online First: 15 February 2016. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010950

  9. Cochrane S, Smith CA, Possamai-Inesedy A, Bensoussan A. Int J Womens Health. March 2014; 6: 313–325

  10. MacPherson H, Tilbrook H, Agbedjro D, et al Acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome: 2-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial Acupuncture in Medicine 2017;35:17-23.

  11. Quah-Smith, Im, Caroline Smith, John D. Crawford, and Janice Russell. “Laser acupuncture for depression: A randomised double blind controlled trial using low intensity laser intervention.” Journal of Affective Disorders 148, no. 2-3 (2013): 179-87. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.058.

  12. J. Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2003 Sept.; 23 (3): 201-202.

  13. Li D, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Ma Y, Li X, Yu J, Zhao Y, Zhai H, Lao L. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 March, Epub

  14. Garcia MK, Driver L, Haddad R, Lee R, Palmer JL, Wei Q, Frenkel M, Cohen. Integr Cancer Ther. 2014 Mar;13(2):133-40. doi: 10.1177/1534735413510558. Epub 2013 Nov 25.

  15. Rezvani M, Yaraghi A, Mohseni M, Fathimoghadam F. J Altern Complement Med. 2014 May; 20(5):371-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2013.0120. Epub 2013 Dec 28.

  16. J. Rehab. Med., 2008 Jul.; 40 (7): 582-588.

  17. Brinkhaus Benno, Roll Stephanie, Jena Susanne, Icke Katja, Adam Daniela, Binting Sylvia, Lotz Fabian, Willich Stefan N., and Witt Claudia M.. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. April 2017, 23(4): 268-277. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2016.0357

  18. Zhu LB, Chan WC, Lo KC, Yum TP, Li L. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014 July 14, Epub http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4123534/

  19. Manyanga T, Froese M, Zarychanski R, Abou-Setta A, Friesen C, Tennenhouse M, Shay BL. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Aug 23; 14(1): 312.

  20. Effect of acupuncture on house dust mite specific IgE, substance P, and symptoms in persistent allergic rhinitis

  21. McDonald, John Leslie et al.

  22. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology , Volume 116 , Issue 6 , 497 – 505

  23. Neuro-acupuncture, “Scientific evidence of acupuncture revealed”, Cho, ZH., et al., 2001.v

  24. Acupuncture – A scientific appraisal, Ernst, E., White, A., 1999, p. 74.

  25. Acupuncture Energetics, “A Clinical Approach for Physicians”, Helms, Dr. J., 1997, pgs 41-42, 66.

  26. Anatomy of Neuro-Anatomical Acupuncture, Volume 1, Wong, Dr. J., 1999, p. 34.

  27. National Institute of Health Consensus Conference on Acupuncture, “Acupuncture Activates Endogenous Systems of Analgesia.”, Han, J.S., 1997 (Bethesda, MD).

  28. Neuro-acupuncture, “Scientific Evidence of Acupuncture Revealed”, Cho, ZH., et al., p.116.